Expanded Course Descriptions

The Department of History scheduled these undergraduate courses for WINTER QUARTER 2026. This list and descriptions are subject to change, so please check back often.

Registration appointment times available on Schedule Builder and myucdavis.

Lower Division
HIS 003: Cities: A Survey of World Cultures (World) - Professor Perez Melendez
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Survey of urban world cultures, focusing on up to ten cities selected by the instructor.
Description: What is a city? Answers to this question have varied greatly through time and space—cities, after all, have meant distinct things in different historical periods and places. The reason for this is that cities function as material indexes of demographic patterns and migrations, economic relations of production, distribution and consumption, geographic factors, environmental dynamics, and, of course, sociopolitical change. Is it possible, then, to tell the history of a city based on its urban size, shape, and culture? This course surveys a set of world cities and their history with a focus on Iberoamerican cities, that is, cities in the Iberian Peninsula and across the Americas. What gave shape to such different cities as Lisbon, Mexico City, Madrid or New York? What does a city mean in relation to the rural, and later in time, to the suburban? And how do capitals and other urban centers continue to develop in the face of contemporary needs and challenges? This course will combine perspectives in the history of cartography, the history of urban planning disciplines, and intellectual traditions rooted in the experience of urban spaces, before undertaking an analytical tour of different cities as case studies.
HIS 004C: History of Western Civilization (Europe) - Professor Campbell
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Development of Western Civilization from the 18th century to the present.
Description: This course presents an overview of the major questions of European history from the late 18th century to the present. In the first part of the course, we will investigate the fundamental changes to European life that the French and Industrial Revolutions wrought. In the second, focusing on the 20th century, we will turn to the problems that an increasingly mobile and diverse continent confronted in world wars hot and cold, while tracing the gradual emergence of a new European order. Of particular importance to us will be the theme of violence as a means of both challenging and maintaining Europe’s political and economic systems.
Grading: Students will be assessed on the basis of short (one-page) weekly writing assignments, a longer final paper, an essay-based final exam, and their participation in weekly discussion.
HIS 7B: History of Latin America, 1700-1900 (Latin America) - Professor Perez Melendez
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Latin America from colony to republic. The nature of Iberian colonialism, the causes for independence, the creation of nation states, the difficulties in consolidating these nations, and the rise of Liberalism and export economies in the 19th century.
Description: How did “new countries” emerge in Latin America as European empires collapsed? And how did the Caribbean traverse this process, given that only Haiti gained independence? This course surveys the history of Latin America and the Caribbean in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a period that defined the region as a crucible of modernity. We will go from the reforms that tried to revamp Spanish, Portuguese and French imperialism in the 1700s to the era of Atlantic revolutions (c.1780s-1830s), and then on to state-making processes that saw the rise of Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Argentina, Guatemala and many other and many other independent countries. How did a whole region previously under the jurisdiction mainly of three imperial powers fraction into a plurality of nation states? And what were the exceptions? This course will approach Latin America as an incredibly diverse world region crisscrossed by civil and regional wars, marred by slavery and uplifted by abolitionist campaigns, host to struggles over citizenship and home to enthralling artistic and literary traditions. Discussions will examine imperial ideologies and the multiple factors that led to independences, the forms of government thought possible by contemporaries, and the consolidation of export-oriented economies that marked the region’s entry into a “Global South.”
HIS 008: History of Indian Civilization (Asia) - Professor Sen
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Survey of Indian civilization from the rise of cities (ca. 2000 B.C.) to the present, emphasizing themes in religion, social and political organization, and art and literature that reflect cultural interaction and change.
Description: This course is a panoramic tour of Indian history from the dawn of the ancient cities of the Indus valley to the rise of the first kingdoms and empires of the Gangetic floodplains and the peninsular south. It explores the history of the Turco-Mongol and Afghan empires, the ascendency and fall of the great Mughal Empire, the advent of the East India Company and the expansion of British rule in India, and long struggle for independence toward the creation of the Independent nation-state.
HIS 10C: World History III (World) - Professor Dickinson
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Major topics from world history of the 19th and 20th centuries, emphasizing the rise and fall of Western colonial empires; Cold War and the superpowers; the spread of the nation-states; and process of globalization.
HIS 012: Food & History (World) - Professor Resendez
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). Survey of the ways humans have fed themselves from the dawn of humanity to the present. Transformation of plants and animals into food, cooking into cuisine, and ceremony into etiquette.
Description: This course will survey how humans have fed themselves from the time they were hunter gatherers to the present and study how new feeding patterns have transformed cultures, economies, and societies. We trace the transformation of plants and animals into food, cooking into cuisine, ceremony into etiquette, and home cooking into national cuisine. In short, the course will examine the social and political implications of food and its consumption on a global scale from pre-history to the twentieth century.
HIS 13: Global Sexualities (World) - Professor Hartigan-O'Connor/Materson
Lecture 3 hour(s), Discussion 1 hour(s). Global history of sexualities, including comparative study of gender, marriage, and fertility before 1800, followed by the modern history of sexualities worldwide as it intersects with imperialism, race, population control, law, and globalization.
Description: This course offers a survey of the global history of sexualities. We will investigate the theoretical concepts and constructs related to sex, sexuality, gender, marriage, and reproduction. We will also delve into case studies on global sexualities as they intersect with the histories of slavery, imperialism, race, population control, law, and globalization.
HIS 17A: History of the United States (US) - Professor Smolenski
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion—1 hour(s). The experience of the American people from the Colonial Era to the Civil War. GE credit: ACGH, AH, DD, SS, WE. Effective: 1997 Winter Quarter.
Description: This class will provide a broad introduction to the history of the territory that is now the United States from the first encounters between Americans and Europeans through the mid-nineteenth century and the crisis of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Don’t let the course title fool you; this is not just a history of the United States (which, of course, did not begin to become a nation until 1776). In addition to focusing on the first century of U.S. history, this course will go back hundreds of years to briefly touch on North America before the arrival of Europeans before exploring how European colonists, Indigenous Americans, and enslaved Africans created a new world together on the continent. We’ll then move on to discuss the founding of the United States and the development, near collapse, and rebuilding of the nation in the years leading up through the Civil War and Reconstruction.
The course will introduce students to some of the central themes in American history and how historians have developed this understanding by analyzing primary source material and assembling narratives. Course themes include imperialism and colonization, slavery and labor regimes, trade, resource extraction, and the emergence of capitalism, family and community formation and the evolution of American cultures, the rise of nation-states and the dispossession of Native polities, and politics and the ideology of freedom and democracy.
This is a lot of ground to cover in a short amount of time, but the class will seek to balance the big picture of American history with the texture of individual experiences and day-to-day life.
In addition to introducing some of the central figures and events in American history, this course is intended to help students hone a range of skills in critical reading and thinking, written and oral communication, and historical analysis and writing
Undergraduate Seminars
HIS 102D: Modern Europe to 1815 (Europe) - Professor Stuart
Learning Activities— Seminar 3 hour(s), Term Paper. Designed primarily for history majors. Intensive reading, discussion, research, and writing in selected topics in the various fields of history. Modern Europe to 1815.
Topic: Love, Sex and Gender in Premodern Europe
Description: We study ideas about love, sex and gender as they impacted people’s lived experience from late antiquity through the eighteenth century. In the Middle Ages a couple did not need clergy or witnesses to get married. They could simply consummate the marriage by having sex. State and church set out to suppress such clandestine marriages by the sixteenth century, in order to impose control over the sexuality of their subjects. Sex out of wedlock, prostitution, and same-sex relationships, widely tolerated in late antiquity and the Middle Ages became criminalized in the early modern period. We explore how and why these changes occurred and how they intersected with religion, class, ethnicity, religion and class. Why did early modern people believe that Jewish men menstruated? Why was sex with Satan a necessary legal element of the crime of witchcraft? Why were Renaissance medical textbooks full of examples of women spontaneously turning into men, but a man turning into a woman was considered medically impossible? How was the emergence of a modern “gay” identity in the late eighteenth century related to the development of the modern heterosexual male, which happened at the same time?
Intensive reading and analysis of primary and secondary sources. c. 200-300 pages per week.
Assessment based on informed class discussion of assigned readings, 2 short papers and 8-10 page final paper.
HIS 102M: Undergraduate Proseminar in History: United States Since 1896 (US) - Professor Materson
Learning Activities— Seminar 3 hour(s), Term Paper. Designed primarily for history majors. Intensive reading, discussion, research, and writing in selected topics in the various fields of history. Modern Europe to 1815.
Topic: Puerto Rico, US Colonialism, and Memory
Description: Puerto Rico is an “unincorporated territory” of the United States that the Supreme Court categorized with the oxymoron of “foreign in a domestic sense.” The residents of Puerto Rico are US citizens without federal voting rights. Since the mid-twentieth century, tens of thousands of Puerto Ricans have migrated to cities such as New York, Chicago, and Orlando, making Puerto Ricans the second largest Latinx population in the United States. Students in this course will study this history of Puerto Rico under US rule to understand the colonial structures and lived experiences of such governing categories like “foreign in a domestic sense.” They will also read about the many forms of political and cultural resistance that have shaped identities and popular culture in the archipelago and the diaspora. Topics covered include militarization, reproductive rights and justice, public memory and memorialization, and the contemporary crises of displacement, gentrification, and feminicide.

HIS 102N: Undergraduate Proseminar in History: Japan - Professor Kim
Learning Activities— Seminar 3 hour(s), Term Paper. Designed primarily for history majors. Intensive reading, discussion, research, and writing in selected topics in the various fields of history. Japan.
Topic: Japan and Korea in the Modern World: Conflicts, Exchanges and Connections
Description: This year’s History 102N will examine the relationship between Japan and Korea. The course will be divided into three parts: following the preliminary coverage of ancient and medieval periods, the first part looks into early modern Korea-Japan relations, centered on the Japanese invasions of Choson kingdom (1592, 1597) and the long centuries of peaceful relationship: second, Japan's emergence as a global colonial empire and Korea's colonial experience: third, Japan and Korea in post-1945 engagement, in the context of global Cold War, postcolonial settlements and contemporary cultural exchange.
This course qualifies as a early modern/modern Japanese as well as a Korean history course. It will help students understand one of the most important and enduring cultural relationships in East Asia, the significance of which will only increase in the future, but also in critically examining a history of conflicted and contested relations between two ethnic groups, issues of colonialism and postcolonialism, and interconnections among culture, politics and history. The topics covered include the mutual perceptions of Choson dynasty and Tokugawa bakufu in relation to the Sinocentric world order from 17^th to 19^th centuries following the Imjin War: the impact of the Euro-American imperialisms on Japan and Korea: Japan’s colonization of Korea and its impact on the process of Korean (ethnic) identity construction: the Cold War dynamics and reconfiguration of Korea-Japan relations: the mutual influence of Japanese and Korean “high” and popular cultures, and the presence of the Japanese and Korean “outsider” population in each society, among others.
All readings will be in English language, and so are class discussions. Prior knowledge of East Asian histories is not required. Those who deeply believe in the nationalist historiography of Korea and the Japanese neocolonial attitudes propagated against Korea are forewarned to have their views challenged by taking this course, which could be a disturbing or confusing experience.
Requirements: Weekly reflection papers and/or oral presentations, oral/interview examinations, one research paper.
Prospective Readings:
James B. Lewis, ed. The East Asian War, 1592-1598.
Brad Grosserman, Scott Snyder. The Japan-South Korean Identity Clash.
Kim Sungmin. Postwar South Korea and Japanese Popular Culture.
Kyu Hyun Kim. "Treasonous Patriots: War Mobilization and the Problem of Korean Identity in Late Colonial Korea, 1937-1945."
Upper Division
HIS 110: Themes in World History (World) - Professor Smolenski
Lecture—3 hour(s); Term Paper. Topics will emphasize the interaction of diverse regions of the world as well as common patterns of historical change. May be repeated when instructor and/or topic differs.
Topic: The Colonial Atlantic World
Description: Early American historians have in recent years worked to broaden their perspective geographically and thematically, looking at the British American colonies in an Atlantic context. In this class, we will look at the varieties of ways in which colonial cultures evolved around the Atlantic rim. We will make stops in West Africa, Mexico, English America, and Europe and cover the period from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. We will also explore the experiences of a wide range of peoples, looking at Spanish conquistadores, Catholic Kongolese saints, Puritan missionaries, and English factory workers. At every step we will look how the process of colonialism caused individuals and groups throughout the Atlantic world to see themselves in new ways.
HIS 126Y: The History of Human Rights in Europe (Europe) - Professor Zientek
Lecture—3 hour(s); Web Electronic Discussion—1 hour(s). History of the origins, development, and state of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) in Europe. Emphasis on Enlightenment-era and modern theories of the source, utility, and limits of human rights.
HIS 132: Crime & Punishment in Early Modern Europe (Europe) - Professor Stuart
Lecture—3 hour(s); Term Paper. Deviance and crime in early modern Europe, contrasting imaginary crimes, e.g. witchcraft, with "real" crimes such as highway robbery and infanticide. Examines impact of gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and class in processes of criminalization.
Description: In the sixteenth century, you would be executed for throwing dung at a statue of the Virgin Mary. Nowadays, this might be considered offensive, but you will no longer be prosecuted for the capital crime of “blasphemy.” In other words, the definition of crime and the classification of criminals changes over time. In this class we explore when, how, and why this happened from the fourteenth through the eighteenth centuries. We will contrast "real" crimes such as vagrancy and theft with imaginary crimes such as Jewish ritual murder and witchcraft. One segment of the course covers prostitution, infanticide and witchcraft as specifically female crimes. We will examine to what extent it is possible to relate long-term changes in the incidence and prosecution of particular crimes to changes in economy, social structure, government, religion and culture. We will discuss changes in the nature and purposes of punishment in the early modern period, as public rituals of execution and other bloody punishments to the body were replaced by the penalty of imprisonment in the eighteenth century
HIS 136: Scientific Revolution (Europe) - Professor Stolzenberg
Lecture/Discussion—3 hour(s); Term Paper. Rise of modern science in Europe, 1500–1750. Transformation of ideas about nature, knowledge, medicine, and technology in the age of Copernicus, Vesalius, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton.
Description: What does it mean to understand nature in modern—and pre-modern—ways? Today we take for granted that science involves mathematical laws, experimentation, discovering new phenomena, and the creation of technologies that provide power over nature. None of these was true about European natural science in 1500. All had become widely accepted by 1700. This class treats the transformation of European ideas about nature, knowledge, and technology during the age of Copernicus, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton. We will explore the intellectual culture of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to examine issues such as scientific methods, instruments and experimentation, science and religion, and the control of nature. Topics include astronomy, physics, chemistry/alchemy, natural magic, medicine, and natural history. Evaluation is based on short writing assignments, quizzes, and essays. This course satisfies GE requirements for AH, SS, and WC. There are no prerequisites, and no prior knowledge is necessary.
Reading: Peter Dear, Revolutionizing the Sciences, and miscellaneous primary sources.
HIS 142A: History of the Holocaust (Europe) – Professor Shanes
Lecture 3 hour(s), Term Paper. Topics include comparative genocide, medieval and modern antisemitism, modern German history, the rise of Nazism, Jewish life in Europe before the Nazi period, and the fate of the Jewish communities and other persecuted groups in Europe from 1933-1945.
Description: This course introduces students to the people who endured, stood-by, and perpetrated the crimes of the Nazi regime against European Jews and others during WWII. You will learn how the Nazis came to power and how and why the Nazis and their collaborators were able to carry out a program of persecution and ultimately extermination against their chosen enemies. You will also gain an understanding of the everyday experiences of victims of the Holocaust in order to appreciate the limited options for survival and resistance available to them.
HIS 147C: European Intellectual History: 1910 - 2000 (Europe) - Professor Saler
Lecture—3 hour(s); Term Paper. European thought and culture since World War I.
Coverage includes: literature and politics; Communism and Western Marxism; Fascism; Existentialism;
Structuralism; Feminism. Particular attention to Lenin, Brecht, Hitler, Sartre, Camus, Beckett, Marcuse,
Foucault, Woolf and de Beauvoir.
Description: This course is designed to introduce several of the major themes and figures in the intellectual history of Europe between 1910 and 2000. We will examine the general shift in thought from "Modernism" (broadly defined as the search for underlying foundations or essences to reality) to "Postmodernism" (broadly defined as the skepticism that such immutable essences or absolute foundations can be found).
Within this overarching framework, we will explore several subsidiary themes. These will include the critique by numerous twentieth-century thinkers of Enlightenment concepts of human rationality, subjectivity, and progress; and the concomitant emphasis by many of these thinkers on language and culture as the constitutional basis of "reality" and of the "self." This focus on language and culture in turn will lead us to examine the efforts by thinkers to define their political role as producers and critics of culture, as well as their attempts to come to terms with modern art and mass culture (especially film) and the new forms of "everyday life" represented by consumer commodities and urban living.
Readings: include works by Ludwig Wittgenstein, André Breton, Aimé Césaire, Virginia Woolf, Bertolt Brecht, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Samuel Beckett, Michel Foucault, Jurgen Habermas, Richard Rorty.
HIS 161: Human Rights in Latin America (Latin America) - Professor Indacochea
 Lecture—3 hour(s); Term Paper.  History of the origins, denial and protection of Human Rights in Latin America. Emphasis on dictatorships, political violence, social resistance, democracy, justice, accountability, truth commissions, memory.
HIS 173: Becoming an American: Immigration & American Culture (US) – Professor Tsu
Lecture—3 hour(s); Term Paper.  Introduction to the wide range of immigrant experiences and cycles of nativism that have shaped American culture in the 20th century. From novels, memoirs and films, students will explore how external and internal immigration has created a multicultural society.
Description: An introduction to the wide range of immigrant experiences and cycles of nativism that have shaped American culture in the twentieth century. We will use a comparative framework to explore the history of immigrants and refugees from Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Themes will include debates in immigration history, community, identity, racial formation, gender and family, immigration and refugee policy, and competing notions of citizenship.
HIS 177B: History of Black People & American Race Relations: 1860-Present (US) - Professor Parker
Lecture—3 hour(s); Term Paper. History of black people and race relations from 1860-present. Emphasis on Civil War, Reconstruction, Segregation, Age of Accommodation, black nationalism, urbanization, civil rights, and changing ideology of race relations.
Description: This course traces the history of Black people in the United States from the Civil War era to the present, examining the central role of race in shaping American society, politics, and culture. We will explore key events, movements, and figures in African American history, including Reconstruction, the rise of Jim Crow, the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements, and the ongoing struggles for racial justice. Through a critical analysis of historical documents, literature, film, and other media, we will investigate how race relations have evolved and how the Black freedom struggle has influenced the broader American experience. Topics include emancipation and its aftermath, racial violence and resistance, Black cultural expression, voting rights, mass incarceration, and the role of Black leadership in transforming the nation's racial landscape. By the end of the course, students will gain a deeper understanding of the historical roots of contemporary racial issues in the U.S.
HIS 191B: High Imperial China (Asia) – Professor Zhang
Lecture—3 hour(s); Term Paper. Political disunion and the influx of Buddhism; reunification under the great dynasties of T'ang, Sung, and Ming with analysis of society, culture and thought.
Description: This course focuses on the Chinese empires (broadly defined) of the Tang, Song, and Yuan dynasties, spanning the 7th to 14th centuries. Some historians have argued that around the year 1000, Chinese society entered a form of modernity and became the center of a globalizing world. Examining the history of high imperial China provides a non-Western perspective to think about the Global Middle Ages. During this period, China underwent significant social transformations, including territorial expansion, the establishment of a civil bureaucracy, a commercial revolution, and evolving ethnic and gender norms. By paying close attention to China’s interactions with neighboring regions along the Silk Road and across East Asia, this course raises questions such as “What is a Chinese empire?” and “How do we define modernity?” Primary sources utilized in this course include individual narratives such as travel diaries and tales, along with documents that reflect general social conditions, such as legal cases, scroll paintings, and excavated manuscripts. Engaging with these documents not only allows students to critically assess the historical trajectories China has taken but also encourages them to imagine alternative world orders different from the contemporary one.
HIS 195B: History of Modern Korea (Asia) - Professor Kim
Lecture—3 hour(s); Discussion/Laboratory—1 hour(s). History of Modern Korea, from Yi dynasty period to 1990s. Covers the political and socioeconomic changes in 19th century, modernization under Japanese colonialism, postwar economic growth and effects of the Cold War.
Graduate Seminars
HIS 200A: First Year Research Seminar - Professor Materson
Seminar 3 hour(s), Tutorial 1 hour(s). Preparation for higher degrees in History. Individual research and analysis resulting in a substantial research paper of publishable quality. Completion required of all Ph.D. candidates. HIS 200A and HIS 200B must be taken in continuous sequence, ordinarily during the first year.
HIS 201I: Sources & General Literature of History: Latin America since 1810 - Professor Resendez
Seminar 3 hour(s), Term Paper. Designed primarily for students preparing for higher degrees in history. Latin America since 1810.
Topic: Early Colonial America
Description: This seminar will survey some of the key works of the early colonial period in the American continent (circa sixteenth and seventeenth centuries), focusing on selected topics such as conquest, African and Native slaveries, race, gender, extractive economies, the environment, colonial power and defiance, etc. While this early chronology will necessarily privilege the Spanish and Portuguese experiences, we will also consider the activities of England and France in the continent.
Grading: 1) Class participation and doing the required reading (30%). 2) Two historiographical papers of about 10 typewritten pages each (35% for each paper for a total of 70%). The first one will be due on the sixth week of the quarter and the second on exam week.
Readings:
Christopher Hodson and Brett Rushforth, Beyond the Ocean: France and the Atlantic World from the Crusades to the Age of Revolutions (New York: Oxford University Press, forthcoming).
Portions of Kathlee DuVal, Native Nations: A Millennium in North America (New York: Random House, 2025)
Portions John H. Elliott, Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 (New Haven: Yale University Press, reprint 2020)
Alida Metcalf, Go-Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil, 1500-1600 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2006)
Charles Gibson, The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519-1810 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1964).
Steve J. Stern, Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993)
HIS 201Q: Gender, Colonialism, and Nation-Building - Professor Parker
Seminar 3 hour(s), Term Paper. Designed primarily for students preparing for higher degrees in history. Cross-Cultural Women's History.
Topic: Marriage and Sex in the United States and the World
Description: This graduate seminar examines the history of marriage, sexuality, and intimate life in the twentieth century through comparative and transnational perspectives. Focusing on the United States within a global context, the course explores how race, class, gender, religion, and empire have influenced marriage and sexual practices, and vice versa. Topics include the regulation of sexuality and reproduction; colonial and postcolonial constructions of family; transnational marriages and migration; feminism and the sexual revolution; state control over intimacy; and the politics of love, labor, and citizenship/ Readings incorporate social, cultural, and legal histories, as well as feminist, queer, and postcolonial theories to explore how marriage and sex have served as tools of governance, resistance, and nation-building.
HIS 201S: Sources & General Literature of History: History of Science & Medicine – Professor Stolzenberg
Seminar 3 hour(s), Term Paper. Designed primarily for students preparing for higher degrees in history. History of Science and Medicine.
Topic: SCIENCE & EMPIRE, 1500–1900
Description: This class surveys the intertwined histories of sciences and empires from the age of Columbus to the apogee of European colonialism at the turn of the twentieth century. Reading a combination of secondary and primary sources, we will investigate how empires shaped the development of scientific disciplines; how scientific knowledge and expertise served imperial projects; and how indigenous knowledge contributed to colonial science. The scientific dimension of European imperialism will be a major theme, including the ideological function that the idea of “modern science” played in forming European/Western identity and justifying colonialism. At the same time, we will consider recent studies of science in non-Western imperial contexts, such as the Ottoman Empire, China, and Japan. History students can count this class toward the minor in World History as well as Science and Medicine. It also counts toward the STS DE.
HIS 203B: Second-Year Research Seminar - Professor Campbell
Seminar 3 hour(s), Tutorial 1 hour(s). Prepare for higher degrees in history. Individual research and analysis resulting in substantial research paper of publishable quality. Completion required of all Ph.D. candidates. HIS 203A & HIS 203B must be taken in continuous sequence, ordinarily during second year.